Yes , you can damage your battery But it ain't gunna happen Over Night......Battery isn't expensive so what you got to lose?
What he has to loose is a bunch of battery acid all over his engine and frame, and if it's a lithium derivative, some friend balls.
So just get a Transformer they are like 5 bucks and are real small......
His magneto puts out AC voltage, not DC, so the bottom (negative) portion of the sine wave needs to be removed from the signal. (Making it positive DC, although pulsating) This is done by a rectifier consisting of 2 or 4 diodes. Since his magneto is around 10 VAC, not a lot of regulation is required as long as he keeps his load high with incandescent head lamp, or doesn't ride for long periods of time.
How do you think you wire up a Doorbell in a house? Most houses carry a 120 240v service....And a Doorbell is like 24v so ......you need a Transformer to kick it down to 24vDc
Completely different application. And it's AC, which is what keeps the "buzz" in the buzzer.
Bike Worm, I'd run incandescent lights right off the magneto, and not have a battery. Unless you have an electric (DC) starter. Then you need a battery and a rectifier assembly. If you keep your lights on, they will do a good job of voltage "regulation" which would actually be voltage limiting. Many bikes were done this way, including iirc, Honda?
If you want some easy to follow and technically perfect advice, look up Jon Pardue here. I forget his user name.